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Identification Of Alkaloids From the Ethanol Extract of Strychnos ligustrina Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
Abstract: 508
Abstract
Bidara Laut (S. ligustrina) stem bark is commonly used by the society of West Nusa Tenggara and Bali as an antimalaria treatment. The study aims to quantify the number of chemical components from the alkaloid family present in the ethanolic extract of S. ligustrina bark. With a 70% ethanol-based solvent, the bark of S. ligustrina was extracted using the maceration process. LC-MS was used to assess the number of alkaloids present in the bark of S. ligustrina. In a reverse phase column using acetonitrile and formic acid as the mobile phases, gradient elution was carried out for 16 minutes. Five alkaloid compounds were discovered as a consequence of the investigation, including the 3-iso-ajmalicine molecule, which had an m/z of 353.1847 and a retention time of 4.26 minutes, and the brucine compound, which had an m/z of 395.1953 and a retention time of 5.06 minutes. The other 3 molecules are confirmed with m/z of that molecules C24H28N2O4, C22H24N2O3, and C11H17NO6 are 409.2107, 365.1848, and 260.1116, respectively, and their retention times are 4,90 minutes, 5,35 minutes, and 1,32 minutes. 3-iso-ajmalicine has just been confirmed to be present in S. ligustrina stem bark.
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Antioxidant Test of Clitoria ternatea L. Ethanol Extract and Ointment Formulation on Healing of New Zealand White Rabbit Back Slashes
Abstract: 582
Abstract
Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) has antioxidant effects because it contains compounds such as phenols, anthocyanins, flavonol glycosides, kaempferol glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine whether telang flower ethanol extract has antioxidant activity, whether telang flower ethanol extract ointment can heal cuts in rabbits and determine the effective concentration of telang flower ethanol extract ointment for healing cuts in rabbits. This study used telang flower extract macerated with 70% ethanol. The concentration of the extract was made as much as 3, namely 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%. The extract was tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The tested extract was then made into an ointment and applied to the rabbit's back, and wound healing was observed. Based on the results of statistical tests using SPSS®, variations in the concentration of the ethanol extract of the butterfly pea flower affected the antioxidant activity. The 0.2% concentration gave a significant difference compared to the 0.1% and 0.4% concentrations. Telang flower ethanol extract ointment can heal the incision wound on the rabbit's back. Based on the results of statistical tests using SPSS® on the healing of cuts in rabbits showed a significant difference. The 0.2% concentration differed significantly from the 0.4% concentration, where the time required for the 0.2% concentration was faster than the 0.4% concentration.
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Analgesic Effect Test of Matoa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst) in Male White Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstract: 322
Abstract
Pain is a condition that indicates the body is experiencing tissue damage and inflammation. Pain can be managed with analgesics. One of the plants that is thought to have an analgesic effect is matoa leaf (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst). This study was an experimental study using male white mice which were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely group I was given NaCMC as a negative control, group II was given ibuprofen as a positive control, and groups III, IV, and V were given EEDM with a successive dose of 200 mg /kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, and 800 mg/kgBB. The test animals were induced with 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally after 30 minutes of oral administration of the test preparation. Observations were made by calculating the pain response marked by stretching for 180 minutes with an interval of 10 minutes. The research data were processed statistically using the One Way ANOVA test and the LSD follow-up test. The positive control group for the EEDM group at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg showed no significantly different results with a P>0,05. From the study results, it can be concluded that EEDM has an analgesic effect on male white mice with an effective dose of 800 mg/kgBB.
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Combination of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.)) Ethyl Acetate Extract and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as Burn Healing
Abstract: 344
Abstract
Burns result from exposure to heat sources like fire, chemicals, or radiation and can lead to tissue loss or damage. Traditional healing of burns often involves using herbal remedies like gotu kola and coconut, typically oil extracts. This study aims to identify the healing effects of burns by administering a combination of ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb and virgin coconut oil (VCO) to mice. The mice were divided into 7 groups, namely negative control (K(-)) was given tween 20; positive control (K(+)): burn topical medicine on the market, P1: 10% Ethylacetate extract in tween 20; P2: VCO; P3: Ethyl acetate extract 10% and VCO 50% in tween 20; P4: 5% Ethyl acetate extract in VCO; P5: extract 10% Ethyl acetate in VCO and treated for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of twice a day. The results showed that the combination of 10% ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb in VCO exhibited the highest healing activity for burns, comparable to the positive control (K(+)) topical medicine on the market. The higher the extract concentration and VCO, the better the healing activity of burns.
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An overview of the use of anesthetic drugs in the surgical installation of PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Hospital
Abstract: 1034
Abstract
Induction of anesthesia, each patient can get a variety of premedications. The selection of anesthetic drugs should be based on patient characteristics and conditions associated with surgery and costs. This study aims to describe the use of anesthetic drugs in the Surgical Installation of RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan in the period May-July 2022. The method used in this research is descriptive observational. The results of the study showed the use of fentanyl 100 mcg/2mL 130 (27.43%), recofol-N 10 mg/mL 101 (21.31%), KTM 100 mg/mL 89 (18.78%), sevodex 250 mL 50 (10.55%), sedacum 5 mg/5mL 39 (8.23%), tramus 25 mg 38 (8.02%), tramus 50 mg 14 (2.95%), and Isorane/Isoflurane 250 mL 13 (2.74) %). So it can be concluded that the most widely used general anesthetic drug was fentanyl 100 mcg/2mL of 27.43%.
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Anti-diabetic Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO): Review
Abstract: 767
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Currently, the treatment of diabetes mellitus uses synthetic or chemical drugs and natural ingredients such as virgin coconut oil. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is extracted with minimal heating and no chemical purification process. This study aims to obtain data on the impact of VCO as an antidiabetic obtained from several research journals. This literature study uses a narrative review method obtained from the Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases. The results of this study indicate that VCO can be used as an alternative to lowering blood glucose levels because it has antidiabetic activity. Medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) lauric acid in VCO can stimulate insulin production in pancreatic beta cells. This study concludes that virgin coconut oil can potentially reduce blood sugar levels.
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Development Of Raw Collagen From Waste Mılkfısh (Chanos chanos) Scales As A Preservatıve And Emulsıfyıng Agents
Abstract: 371
Abstract
Collagen is an essential protein in connective tissue, widely used as a bioactive. Raw collagen is obtained from cattle, buffalo, and pigs with problems spreading infectious animal diseases. Collagen can be obtained from waste milkfish (Chanos chanos) scales as an alternative source of mammal raw materials. This study aims to determine the acetic acid's most effective concentration and maceration time in isolating collagen from milkfish scales based on the preservative and emulsifying determination. This research is quasi-experimental design by testing the isolated collagen against collagen yield, proximate analysis of collagen, pH test, preservative test, and analysis of emulsifier substances. The results of the isolation of collagen in all treatment groups had emulsifying and preservative abilities, where a concentration of 0.5 M acetic acid with a maceration time of 72 hours produced the most effective collagen as an emulsifier based on the results of the emulsion stability test and emulsion layer boundary test, as well as at the concentration of 0, acetic acid 5 M with variations in maceration time of 48 hours and 72 hours produced the most effective collagen as a preservative.
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The Effect of the Covıd-19 Pandemı on the Sales of Health Supplements at “X” Pharmacy in Tarakan City
Abstract: 215
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease a pandemic in 2020. Two Indonesian citizens were confirmed to have Covid-19 when the virus was first detected. Panic buying in meeting daily needs is one of the impacts caused by Covid-19, especially health supplements such as vitamins or immunomodulators, due to a lack of understanding from the public. This study aims to determine the effect of Covid-19 on sales of health supplement products at the "X" pharmacy in Tarakan city. This research is analytic research which is observational in nature. The data was obtained from sales documents at the "X" pharmacy 12 months before and 12 months at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The health supplements taken for this study were Becom C®, Becom Zet®, and Imboost Force®. The data obtained were analyzed using paired T-test. The study results found that health supplements experienced an increase in sales of 314.41% - 808.42% with a P value = 0.038 for Becom C®, 0.039 for Becom Zet® and 0.011 for Imboost Force®. It can be concluded that Covid-19 has positively influenced the increasing sales of health supplement products at the "X" pharmacy in Tarakan city.
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Qualitative Test of Rhodamin B on "Tusuk-Tusuk" Snack Sauce at Berlabuh and Oval Parks, Tarakan City
Abstract: 245
Abstract
The "tusuk-tusuk" snack is one of the foods loved by all groups, with a delicious taste, and is usually served with added sauce. Rhodamine B is one of the synthetic dyes used in the textile industry. Often rogue traders use Rhodamin B in food that is sold to enhance the color of the food. As is known, Rhodamin B can irritate the eyes, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. This study intends to investigate the presence or absence of the identification of the hazardous substance Rhodamine B in tomato sauce, a street food "tusuk-tusuk" circulating in the Berlabuh and Oval parks, Tarakan city. Each sauce is obtained from " tusuk-tusuk " snacks that circulate in the Berlabuh and Oval parks. The research was carried out and obtained 10 samples circulating in the Berlabuh and Oval parks then, each sample weighed as much as 25 grams, and the sample was dissolved with heated aquadest. After that, the samples were tested using the rapid test method (Rapid test kit). The results of this study indicate that out of 10 samples of the “tusuk-tusuk” snack sauce at Berlabuh and Oval Parks, Tarakan City, did not contain Rhodamin B.
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Analysis of Rhodamine B Content in Blush Products Circulating in Tarakan City Traditional Markets
Abstract: 548
Abstract
One of the important needs for a woman is cosmetics. One type of cosmetic that teenagers or adult women often use is blush. Blush comes in various colors, and the most popular color is red. It is feared that some cosmetic products may contain harmful red dyes, such as rhodamine B. This research aims to identify the content of rhodamine B compounds in blush products circulating in the Traditional Markets of Tarakan City. The method of this study was a qualitative analysis of the content of the rhodamine B compound in the samples using the rhodamine B Rapid Test Kit. The results showed that from 9 samples of blush circulating in the Traditional Market of Tarakan City, 4 samples of blush were found to be positive for Rhodamin B. From the 4th, 2 positive samples are registered with BPOM.
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An Overview of the Use of Antihypertensive Drugs at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Tarakan "X" Hospital in 2022
Abstract: 277
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health problem often encountered, and the appropriate use of antihypertensive drugs is very important for optimal blood pressure control. Therefore, it is necessary to research the description of the use of antihypertensive drugs in various health facilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the prescription of antihypertensive drugs in patients at "X" hospital in the outpatient department. The research data obtained were digital data from prescription services from January-December 2022. This study used retrospective data by accessing computer service data at the "X" hospital outpatient pharmacy to track the history of past hypertensive patients’ treatment. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The results showed that the most prescribed antihypertensive drugs were amlodipine, with 13,203 prescription items. Bisoprolol with 10,704 prescription items, and candesartan with 9,885 prescription items. The frequency of prescribing the antihypertensive drug class the most was calcium channel blockers, as much as 13,784 (23.41%), while for the drug class which was the least prescribed, namely alpha-2 agonists, there were 68 drugs (0.12%). Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the most widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs at the outpatient pharmacy at "X" hospital are amlodipine, bisoprolol, and candesartan.
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Analysis of the content of the rhodamın B compound in the "tusuk-tusuk" snack sauce in the Berkampung Park, Tarakan city using the rapid test kit method
Abstract: 394
Abstract
Food is a basic need for living things. Some foods are available in the form of snacks and usually contain additional ingredients such as coloring. Often manufacturers misuse the use of dyes for textiles such as rhodamine B and leather used to color food ingredients. This study aims to determine the content of rhodamine B in the "tusuk -tusuk" snack sauce circulating in the village garden. The sauce is obtained from each seller of "skewers" selling in the village garden. This study used 25 samples, then 25 grams were taken from each sample and dissolved in hot water, and then the samples were tested using the rapid test kit method. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the negative sauce samples contained rhodamine B. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the " tusuk -tusuk " snack sauce in the village gardens of Tarakan city does not contain rhodamine B.
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Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract of rambusa leaves (Passiflora foetida L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Abstract: 434
Abstract
One of the medicinal plants in Indonesia is rambutan (Passiflora foetida L.). Some of the chemical substances contained in the leaves of rambusa include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids which have an antibacterial effect. This study aims to determine the activity and concentration of effective antibacterial from the extract of rambutan leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial test was carried out using disc diffusion or the Kirby method with test concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and positive control (Ciprofloxacin). The results showed that the antibacterial inhibition of rambutan leaf extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and positive control was 2.63 mm, 4.53 mm, 6.05 mm, and 26.72 respectively. The concentration of 20% of rambusa leaf extract showed moderate antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 6.05 mm.
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Formula optimization and physical stability evaluation of effervescent tablet preparations of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.)
Abstract: 1091
Abstract
Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) are a plant that is widely consumed by Indonesian people and has high nutrition and antioxidants. Utilization of Moringa leaves as a health supplement requires an innovative dosage form to make it practical to use, one of which is by making it in the form of effervescent tablets. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal formula for effervescent tablets of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.). This study was an experimental study, by preparing effervescent tablets of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves using 3 different formulas using the wet granulation method. The physical stability of the effervescent tablets obtained was then evaluated. The evaluation results were analyzed to obtain the optimal formula from the 3 formulas. The research results obtained showed that F3 was a formula that had good physical stability of granules and tablets. Granules from F3 have an angle of repose of 22.45°, and a compressibility percentage of 12.67%. F3 effervescent tablets have a weight uniformity that does not exceed 5% or 10%, size uniformity that is not more than 3 times the thickness of the tablet, and a faster dissolving time compared to other formulas, namely 1 minute 22 seconds. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the optimal formula of the 3 formulas is F3 with an acid and base concentration of 20% each.
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Fraksinasi dan identifikasi senyawa tanin dari ekstrak pandan hutan (Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki)
Abstract: 1537
Abstract
Tumbuhan pandan hutan yang terdapat di gunung Passi Singkawang dengan spesies Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki belum banyak diteliti terutama kandungan senyawa kimianya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah fraksinasi dan identifikasi senyawa tanin ekstrak etanol pandan hutan Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki. Metode fraksinasi yang digunakan adalah kromatografi lapis tipis yang dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi kolom. Skrining fitokimia menggunakan pereaksi FeCl3 serta analisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil pemisahan dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis dan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen kloroform: methanol: air (7:3:0,4) dengan nilai Rf 0,25-0,77. Analisis panjang gelombang menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukan senyawa tanin dengan panjang gelombang maksimum 734,1 nm.
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Potensi peningkatan efek sedasi dan gangguan ritme jantung pada pengobatan skizofrenia
Abstract: 352
Abstract
Skizofrenia paranoid merupakan tipe skizofrenia yang paling banyak diderita di berbagai negara. Gejala psikosis yang dialami berupa delusi yang secara relatif stabil, seringkali bersifat paranoid, biasanya disertai dengan halusinasi, terutama halusinasi pendengaran, dan gangguan persepsi. Pasien “X” berumur 22 tahun dirawat dan didiagnosa skizofrenia paranoid dengan keluhan gelisa selama 4 hari terakhir, emosi labil, teriak-teriak, memukul, mengancam akan membunuh. Pasien mendapatkan terapi risperidon 2 mg, lorazepam 1 mg, trifluoferazin 5 m, dan olanzapin 5 mg. Masalah terkait obat yang ditemukan adalah adanya interaksi obat risperidon dengan lorazepam, yaitu dapat meningkatkan sedasi dan trifluoferazin dengan risperidon dapat memperpanjang interval QT. Pemantauan perbaikan gejala psikosis, efek sedasi dan gangguan ritme jantung perlu dilakukan utuk memastikan keberhasilan dan keamanan dari terapi yang diberikan.
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Pengembangan dan pengujian sifat fisik sediaan spray gel darı ekstrak etanol batang Etlıngera rubroloba menggunakan basıs gel Na-CMC
Abstract: 1907
Abstract
Tumbuhan Etlingera rubroloba merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan karena mengandung senyawa polifenol. Manfaat batang Etlingera rubroloba sebagai antioksidan dapat formulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan topikal yaitu spray gel. Penggunaan Na-CMC sebagai basis gel memiliki keuntungan dengan menghasilkan basis gel yang jernih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi, evaluasi fisik dan stabilitas fisik dari sediaan spray gel ekstrak etanol batang Etlingera rubroloba. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diformulasikan menjadi spray gel dengan variasi konsentrasi Na-CMC F1 (0,1%), F2 (0,2%), F3 (0,3%), F4 (0,4%) dan F5 (0,5%). Evaluasi fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji pola penyemprotan, uji waktu kering, uji homogenitas dan uji hedonik sedangkan stabilitas fisik meliputi pengujian sentrifugasi dan cycling test. Hasil evaluasi fisik didapatkan setiap formula masuk dalam rentang syarat sediaan spray gel yang baik. Hasil pengujian stabilitas fisik setelah cycling test menunjukkan adanya penurunan viskositas pada setiap formula dan tidak terjadi perubahan dari segi organoleptik maupun pH dari sediaan spray gel setelah cycling test. Hasil uji hedonik didapatkan formula 3 dan 4 lebih disukai. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa F3 dan F4 merupakan formula yang optimum berdasarkan evaluasi fisik, stabilitas fisik dan juga pengujian hedonik.
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Uji aktivitas antibakteri gel fraksi n-heksan dan etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai anti jerawat
Abstract: 449
Abstract
Pepaya merupakan salah satu tumbuhan dengan berbagai macam manfaat, salah satunya adalah potensi antibakteri daun pepaya. Potensi antibakteri pada ekstrak maupun fraksi ekstrak yang dimiliki daun pepaya dapat berperan sebagai anti jerawat. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk membuat sedian gel fraksi n-hexan dan etil asetat ekstrak etanol kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Hasil yang diperoleh gel fraksi n-hexan 0,6% dan 0,8% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 6,80 mm, dan 2,77 mm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah gel fraksi n-hexan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes yang merupakan bakteri penyebab jerawat.
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Uji aktivitas fraksi n-hexan dan etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes
Abstract: 396
Abstract
Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan salah satu buah dengan banyak manfaat, termasuk dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai obat tradisional. Secara tradisional daun pepaya digunakan dalam pengobatan jerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fraksi n-hexan dan etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun pepaya terhadap pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes. Fraksi n-hexan dan etil asetat diperoleh dengan melakukan ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan metode maserasi. Fraksi yang diperoleh kemudian diuji menggunakan metode difusi agar (sumuran) untuk melihat efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Hasil uji yang diperoleh dari fraksi n-hexan dan etil asetat konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% dengan kontrol positif erythromicin 0,375%, dan kontrol negatif pelarut (n-hexan dan etil asetat) berupa diameter zona hambat. Fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% merupakan fraksi yang paling efektif dengan diameter rata-rata sebesar 14,7±6,33; 16,4±1,55; dan 18,7±4,14. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat daun pepaya konsentrasi 15% adalah fraksi yang paling optimal dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.
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Uji stabilitas fisik serum anti-aging ekstrak etil asetat daun cempedak (Arthocarpus champeden Spreng.)
Abstract: 1039
Abstract
Salah satu kosmetik popular yang dianggap efektif dalam mengatasi penuaan kulit adalah serum anti-aging dengan kandungan antioksidan kuat. Antioksidan alami sebagian besar diperoleh dari tanaman salah satunya berasal dari daun cempedak (Arthocarpus champeden Spreng.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi stabilitas fisik formula serum ekstrak etil asetat daun campedak (EEADC) menggunakan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Formulasi serum dengan konsentrasi zat aktif sebesar 0,05% yang telah dibuat, dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya selama masa penyimpanan hari ke-0, 2, 4 dan 7, yang meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, dan viskositas, kemudian dilakukan analisis data. Hasil dari evaluasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa serum EEADC memenuhi kriteria standar untuk evaluasi organoleptik, homogenitas dan pH. Namun, pada evaluasi daya sebar dan viskositas sebaliknya (tidak memenuhi kriteria standar). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan optimasi formula serum EEADC.
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Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetat daun cempedak (Artocarpus champaden Spreng.)
Abstract: 490
Abstract
Antioksidan berperan sebagai senyawa yang dapat menghambat reaksi radikal bebas. Salah satu antioksidan yang terdapat pada tanaman adalah flavonoid, dimana senyawa tersebut merupakan kandungan terbesar dalam tanaman cempedak (Artocarpus champaden Spreng.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetat daun cempedak (EEDC) berdasarkan nilai IC50 yang diperoleh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH, dimana terdapat 5 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dan baku pembanding kuersetin yang digunakan. Berdasarkan uji tersebut maka diperoleh nilai IC50 EEDC sebesar 213,721 ppm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah EEDC memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang termasuk adalam kategori sedang.
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Gambaran penggunaan obat dengan aktivitas psikotik pada pasien di praktik dokter “X” kota Tarakan periode Oktober-Desember 2021
Abstract: 292
Abstract
Tingginya angka kejadian gangguan jiwa dikalangan masyarakat meningkatkan pula penggunaan obat-obat antipsikotik dalam penanganannya. Salah satu fasilitas kesehatan dasar di Tarakan yang melayani konsultasi masalah kejiwaan adalah praktik dokter “X”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan obat-obatan antipsikotik yang digunakan pada praktik dokter “X” di Tarakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengkaji resep pasien yang mengandung obat-obat dengan aktivitas psikotik pada praktik dokter “X” di kota Tarakan periode Oktober-Desember 2021, penetapan sampel data penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan obat-obat antipsikotik yang digunakan adalah risperidone, chlorpromazine, clozapine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, olanzapine, sertraline, maprotilin, aripiprazole, haloperidol, quetapine fumarate, sedangkan obat-obat anxiolityc adalah lorazepam, diazepam, clobazam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, nitrazepam. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah peresepan obat psikotik tertinggi diberikan pada pasien Middle-age adults (42,29%), jumlah obat yang diperoleh pasien sebesar 2,6 obat per pertemuan, persentase obat generik yang diresepkan sebanyak 27%, dan pesentase frekuensi pemberian tertinggi berdasarkan kelas terapinya yaitu risperidon (19,7%) dan lorazepam (11,64%).
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Ujı aktıvıtas sedıaan granul darı ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) sebagaı larvasıda
Abstract: 670
Abstract
Komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun komba-komba berbunga kuning dan bentuk sediaan granulnya sebagai larvasida. Daun komba-komba diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian didelipidasi menggunakan n-heksan. Ekstrak diidentifikasi metabolit sekundernya melalui skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif mengikuti metode Harborne. Pengujian aktivitas larvasida dilakukan pada ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm untuk mengetahui nilai Lethal Concentration/LC50. Ekstrak diformulasi menjadi sediaan granul menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Uji aktivitas larvasida menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi memiliki aktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak etanol dengan nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi sebesar 261,6 ppm dan ekstrak etanol sebesar 317,1 ppm. Ekstrak tanol terdelipidasi dengan konsentrasi 1000 ppm ke atas berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk sediaan granul karena memiliki aktivitas larvasida setara dengan kontrol positif (temefos 1000 ppm). Ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi daun komba-komba diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan granul menggunakan kombinasi eksipien amilum, PVP dan laktosa. Uji aktivitas larvasida pada granul menunjukkan nilai LC50 sebesar 225,8 ppm.
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Pola peresepan obat pada pasıen gastrıtıs dı apotek “X” kota Tarakan tahun 2021
Abstract: 352
Abstract
Gastritis dapat menyerang semua kalangan masyarakat dan biasanya ditandai dengan gejala seperti mual muntah dan nyeri pada ulu hati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola peresepan obat pada pasien gastritis di apotek “X” kota Tarakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif retrospektif. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling berdasarkan data pasien yang terdiagnosis gastritis pada tahun 2021. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah pasien gastritis adalah sebanyak 309 pasien dengan 209 diantaranya adalah perempuan dan sebanyak 100 pasien laki-laki. Kelompok umur yang paling banyak didiagnosa gastritis adalah kelompok umur 26-45 tahun yaitu mencapai 131 (42,39%) pasien. Obat yang paling banyak digunakan adalah golongan PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) sebanyak 207 (40,51%) resep.
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Gambaran penggunaan antikoagulan pada pasien ST-Elevatıon Myocardıal Infarctıon (STEMI)
Abstract: 1641
Abstract
Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian terbanyak. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) salah satu klasifikasi dari Infark Miokard Akut (IMA). IMA timbul dari kerusakan permanen pada otot jantung karena suplai oksigen yang tidak mencukupi. Adanya IMA dapat merusak fungsi sistol dan diastol, serta menambah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan seperti aritmia pada pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat penggunaan antikoagulan pada pasien STEMI yang menggunakan terapi fibrinolitik. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan melihat catatan medis pasien STEMI yang menjalani rawat inap di RS “X” kota Tarakan periode 2017-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semua pasien STEMI menerima terapi antikoagulan. Sebanyak 92,31 % menggunakan enoxaparin dan 7,69 % pasien menggunaan fondaparinux dengan karakteristik pasien sebanyak 12 penyakit penyerta. Pemberian antikoagulan pada pasien STEMI membantu menjaga kondisi arteri setelah proses reperfusi ketika telah diberikan fibrinolitik sehingga tidak menyebabkan terjadinya reoklusi.
