Farmasi
All Items
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Overview of the Implementation of Good Drug Distribution Methods at Pharmaceutical Wholesaler “X” in Tarakan City
Abstract: 83
Abstract
Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (PBF) play an important role in ensuring the quality and availability of pharmaceutical preparations through the implementation of Good Drug Distribution Practices (CDOB). This study aims to evaluate the storage and distribution system at PBF “X” and its compliance with CDOB standards. The methods used are direct observation and descriptive. The results show that the storage and distribution system at PBF “X” has met most of the CDOB standards, with adequate facilities, temperature and humidity monitoring, and separation of storage areas based on drug status. Distribution is carried out in an orderly manner, only to licensed customers, and supported by complete documentation. Challenges are still found in the risk of temperature fluctuations that can affect drug stability. Overall, the implementation of CDOB at PBF “X” is running smoothly, although the temperature monitoring system requires improvement to prevent degradation in the quality of pharmaceutical preparations.
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Overview of Drug Prescribing Patterns for Non-Pneumonia ARI Patients at Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City, January-June 2024
Abstract: 114
Abstract
This study aims to describe the prescribing patterns for patients with non-pneumonia Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) treated at Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City, from January to June 2024. The approach used is a retrospective quantitative descriptive study based on 150 patient prescription sheets. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to identify drug usage patterns, polypharmacy tendencies, and drug distribution based on patient age groups. The results show that the average number of drugs prescribed per patient is 3.04, with the most commonly prescribed drug groups including antihistamines, pain relievers, antipyretics, and mucolytics. Antibiotic prescriptions varied, with the highest rate reaching 8% in January and April, while no antibiotic use was recorded in March and May. The findings of this study indicate that prescribing practices at Karang Rejo Health Center align with the principles of rational drug use. Non-pneumonia ARI therapy prioritizes symptomatic treatment and limits unnecessary antibiotic use. These findings can serve as a basis for evaluating prescribing policies to enhance treatment effectiveness and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
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Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Satisfaction Level Evaluation based on Consumer Reviews from WEBMD
Abstract: 89
Abstract
This study evaluated factors that influence user satisfaction with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treatment based on consumer reviews from WebMD. Data were obtained from a public dataset on the Zenodo.org website, including user ratings of ease of use, effectiveness, price, and satisfaction of AD drugs. Descriptive analysis was performed using the GraphPad® and Microsoft Excel® applications. The results showed that effectiveness and ease of use played a greater role in user satisfaction than price. Drugs with the highest satisfaction, such as Diflorasone and Amcinonide, were considered very effective despite their relatively high prices. Conversely, drugs with lower satisfaction, such as Hydrocortisone Probutate, showed that high prices do not always guarantee effectiveness. Therefore, the selection of therapy should consider effectiveness and convenience of use.
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Validity Test of NSF 11 Quality of Life Questionnaire for Diabetic Neuropathy Patients at Sebengkok Tarakan Health Center
Abstract: 101
Abstract
Evaluating the quality of life in patients with neuropathy is crucial in clinical assessment and informed therapeutic decision-making. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Neuropathy Short Form-11 (NSF-11) quality of life questionnaire for patients with neuropathy at the Sebengkok Tarakan Health Center. This study involved 30 diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria and received therapy with oral antidiabetic medications. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate the relationship between each item and the total score, while its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha. The validity test results showed that all questionnaire items had a significant correlation (r = 0.536 to 0.699, p ≤ 0.002), indicating that this questionnaire could effectively measure quality of life. The reliability test yielded a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.820, indicating that the instrument demonstrated good internal consistency. Thus, this questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable in assessing the quality of life in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
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Drug Prescrıptıon Overvıew for Dıabetes Mellıtus Patıents at Karang Rejo Communıty Health Center Tarakan Perıod Aprıl-June 2024
Abstract: 62
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus requires pharmacological therapy to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications. Evaluating drug prescribing patterns in Community Health Centers is crucial for assessing the suitability of therapy by clinical guidelines. Puskesmas is the primary healthcare facility that is easily accessible to the community, especially for common and chronic diseases, one of which is Diabetes mellitus. This study analyzed drug prescribing patterns in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Karang Rejo Community Health Center, Tarakan, including the number of drug items per prescription, the most frequently prescribed types of drugs, and the distribution of prescriptions based on pharmacological groups. This study employed a retrospective descriptive design with a total sampling method, utilizing medical record data from patients with diabetes mellitus. The analysis was carried out descriptively quantitatively using frequency and percentage distributions. The results showed that most patients were female (66%) with an average age of 57.89 years and a body weight of 60.69 kg. The average number of drug items per prescription was 3.29, with oral antidiabetics as the most frequently prescribed drug group (36.28%), followed by antihypertensives (16.45%) and neurotropic vitamins (13.28%). In addition, 15.07% of prescriptions contained ≥5 types of drugs, indicating polypharmacy that needs to be monitored to prevent drug interactions and side effects. The pattern of drug prescription at Karang Rejo Health Center is based on the therapeutic needs of patients with diabetes mellitus. However, routine monitoring is still needed to ensure the effectiveness and safety of therapy, especially for patients with polypharmacy.
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Overview of Quality of Life of Diabetic Neuropathy Patients at Tarakan Naval Hospital
Abstract: 86
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that can affect the quality of life of patients. This study aims to evaluate the quality of life of patients with diabetic neuropathy, focusing on key aspects such as physical activity, psychological well-being, sleep quality, and treatment satisfaction. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with diabetic neuropathy patients undergoing treatment at Tarakan Navy Hospital. Data were collected through a questionnaire that measured various aspects of patient quality of life. The results showed that most patients had a good quality of life, with an average score above 75%. Disturbances to daily physical activities scored 92.50%, while heavy activities were 88.33%. The psychological aspect revealed that the patient's enthusiasm level reached 100%, with a perception of physical health at 88.33% and awareness of complications at 93.33%. Sleep quality remained quite good, with a score of 95.00%, and no major depression was detected (100%). Satisfaction with treatment reached the highest score, with therapeutic effectiveness of 98.33% and patient satisfaction of 100%. These findings show that with proper management, diabetic neuropathy patients can still live a good quality of life.
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Cold Powder Formulation Based on Moringa Leaf Powder (Moringa oleifera powder) with Organoleptic and PH Tests as Stability Parameters of the Preparation
Abstract: 100
Abstract
Cooling powder is a traditional skincare product widely used for its benefits in moisturizing, brightening, and soothing the skin. This study aims to formulate a cooling powder based on Moringa oleifera powder and evaluate its stability through organoleptic and pH tests during storage. The research methodology involves formulating a cooling powder using key ingredients, including Moringa powder, yam powder, rice powder, corn powder, and yam juice. The organoleptic evaluation covers color, aroma, texture, and homogeneity, while pH measurement is conducted to ensure product stability. Additionally, a hedonic test was conducted using a repeated measures design method with 10 panelists selected through purposive sampling. The results indicate that the Moringa-based cooling powder exhibits good physical stability over a seven-day storage period at room temperature, with no significant changes in organoleptic parameters and a stable pH value of 5. The hedonic test results indicate that the product was well-received by panelists, with a preference level comparable to that of commercial products. In conclusion, Moringa-based cooling powder has the potential to be a stable and safe natural skincare product.
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Evaluation of Storage and Distribution of Medical Devices PT X Tarakan City
Abstract: 114
Abstract
Proper storage and distribution of medical devices are essential to ensure product quality, safety, and availability. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of medical device storage and distribution systems at PT “X” by the Guidelines for Good Medical Device Distribution Practices (CDAKB). The research employed a descriptive and evaluative observational approach to assess storage facilities and distribution procedures. The results showed that most CDAKB requirements were met, including maintaining warehouse cleanliness, ensuring adequate ventilation, providing rack and pallet availability, and conducting routine temperature monitoring. The distribution followed standard procedures, such as transportation inspection and product labeling. However, shortcomings were identified in the communication of information to clients regarding storage conditions and the protection of product quality. Therefore, improvements in communication along the distribution chain are necessary to ensure that medical devices remain safe and effective when reaching the end user.
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Overview of Drug Prescribing Patterns in Non-Specific Diarrhea Patients at Karang Rejo Health Center Tarakan City January-June 2024
Abstract: 128
Abstract
Non-specific diarrhea is a common health issue that can significantly impact the quality of life. This study aims to describe the pattern of drug prescriptions in patients with non-specific diarrhea at the Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City, using a retrospective, quantitative, descriptive method with patient prescription data from January to June 2024. The results showed that ORS (96.0%) and Zinc (90.6%) were the most commonly prescribed primary therapies by recommended guidelines. Symptomatic drugs, such as Domperidone (27.3%), Loperamide, and Attapulgite, were also identified, along with antibiotics Cotrimoxazole and Amoxicillin (0.7% each). Additionally, prescriptions included gastroprotectives, analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines, expectorants, and vitamins and minerals. In conclusion, the primary therapy was administered according to guidelines, and the low use of antibiotics reflects the implementation of rational prescribing by medical personnel.
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Toxicity Study of Pacing Rhizome Infusion (Costus speciosus) Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method
Abstract: 142
Abstract
Costus speciosus or Pacing, is a herbal plant that has long been used in traditional medicine in various Asian countries. This plant is reported to have biological activities such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, information regarding its toxicity is still limited. This study aims to determine the toxicity of Costus speciosus rhizome infusion using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This method utilizes Artemia salina Leach larvae as a model organism to assess potential toxicity. Pacing rhizomes contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids with pharmacological potential. The results showed that pacing rhizome infusion has very high toxicity based on the Clarkson toxicity category with an LC50 value of 54.99 ppm. These findings provide a basis for further research on the safety and pharmacological applications of pacing rhizomes as herbal medicine ingredients.
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Overview of Over-the-Counter Medicine Sales and Investment at "X" Pharmacy, Karang Anyar District, Tarakan City Using ABC Analysis Year 2022
Abstract: 246
Abstract
Drug management includes planning drug availability, including type, amount, quality, and quantity, to increase efficiency. One method used in drug planning is ABC or Pareto. This research aims to look at the sales and investment picture of over-the-counter OTC drugs at Pharmacy "X" using ABC analysis based on sales data for 2022. This research is a quantitative descriptive research, the retrospective data obtained was analyzed using Microsoft Excel® with the ABC method. The OTC drug data obtained was then classified into 3 groups, namely A, B, and C with cumulative percentages for groups A (70%), B (20%), and C (10%) of the sales or investment value. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that drugs with sales value in group A contained 147 items of medicine with an investment value of Rp. 381,662,590 (69.91%). Meanwhile, group B contained 164 medicinal items with an investment value of Rp. 109,472,850 (20.05%). Meanwhile, for group C there are 305 items of medicine with an investment value of Rp. 54,790,100 (10.04%). The research conclusion shows that category A dominates the investment value, while category C has a lower investment contribution even though the number of types of drugs is greater.
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Overview of Sales and Investment of Generık Drugs "X" Pharmacy, Kampung Satu District, Tarakan City Using ABC Analysis in 2022
Abstract: 243
Abstract
Pharmacies as health facilities and businesses, require good management to avoid shortages or excess stock of medicines. This research aims to optimize generic drug inventory management at pharmacy "X" using the ABC method. Using a quantitative and retrospective descriptive approach, generic drug sales data for the period January- December 2022 were analyzed. As a result, Group A consisted of 23 drug items with a total sales transaction of 5,877 (69.89%), Group B consisted of 28 drug items with a total sales transaction of 1,654 (19.67%), and Group C consisted of 71 items with the number of sales transactions was 878 (10.44%). In terms of investment value, Group A consists of 31 medicinal items with an investment value of Rp. 39,058,600 (69.63% of the total), Group B consists of 33 medicinal items with an investment value of Rp. 11,290,000 (20.13% of the total), and Group C consists of 58 medicinal items with an investment value of Rp. 5,743,300 (10.24% of the total). The ABC method can optimize generic drug inventory management at pharmacy “X”, enable prioritization based on sales frequency and investment value, and increase efficiency.
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Qualitative Analysis of Rhodamine B in Eyeshadows Circulating in Cosmetic Stores in Tarakan City
Abstract: 246
Abstract
Both adults and teenagers often use eyeshadow as a common cosmetic. The paint and textile industry often uses a red synthetic dye known as rhodamine B. Apart from having carcinogenic properties, continued use of rhodamine B can cause liver problems and gastrointestinal irritation which has the potential to hurt health. This research aims to answer the problem, of whether or not eyeshadow preparations sold in Tarakan City beauty shops contain Rhodamine B. The method in this research uses a wool thread technique and a rhodamine B rapid test kit to carry out qualitative analysis using eleven samples. The results showed that of the eleven eyeshadow samples examined at the Tarakan City cosmetics shop, three samples experienced a color change from red to dark red or purplish. Two of the eyeshadows are not registered, while one is registered with BPOM. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that three of the eleven eyeshadow samples tested positive for rhodamine B.
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Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Tarap Fruit Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus)
Abstract: 373
Abstract
Tarap fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus), also known as "terap", is a type of fruit that grows in various tropical regions in Southeast Asia. because almost every part of the fruit has pharmacological properties, it is often used as an ingredient in traditional medicine. The plant has been part of many different cultures for a long time, used as a food source, and is widely used to help improve health. This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening on tarap fruit seed extract to identify the secondary metabolite compounds contained in it with a focus on compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. This study uses a qualitative experimental method to analyze phytochemistry by color test using various reagents from tarap fruit seed extract, to identify secondary metabolite compounds in the plant. Tarap fruit seed samples were obtained from local fruit sellers in Tarakan. Extraction of tarap fruit seeds was carried out using 96% ethanol with maceration technique, then examined the content of polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The results showed the presence of several secondary metabolites in tarap fruit seed extract, proving the content of polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, while tannins and steroids could not be detected. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of tarap fruit seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) contains polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids.
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The Distribution Discrepancies of Over-the-Counter and Prescription Drugs at Grocery Stores in RT 17, Area “X” of Tarakan City
Abstract: 236
Abstract
Medicines are an important part of health services because it can help people overcome the disease they are experiencing. About Health regulates pharmaceutical companies that produce products called drugs. Drugs are distributed to licensed pharmaceutical facilities such as pharmacies and licensed drug stores. However, there are often distribution irregularities where drugs are found sold in non-pharmaceutical facilities such as grocery stores. This study aims to obtain an overview of the distribution of Limited Over-the-counter Drugs (OBT) and prescription medicine in Grocery Stores RT 17 area "X" Tarakan City. This study is a qualitative descriptive study using a sample of all grocery stores located in RT 17 region "X" who are willing to become respondents, namely as many as 21 stores. The results showed that most respondents sold limited over-the-counter drugs (OBT) and prescription medicine. A limited over-the-counter drug found in many grocery stores is Paramex sold in 9 stores. In addition to limited over-the-counter drugs, the region’s grocery stores also found prescription medicine such as amoxicillin, which were found in 10 stores. Based on the results of interviews and questionnaires of shop owners, it is known that the drugs are obtained through direct purchases from pharmacies and drug stores. It can be concluded that the RT 17 grocery store in area “X” of Tarakan City still sells Limited Over-the-counter Drugs and prescription medicine.
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Overview of Sales and Investment of Branded Medicines at "X" Pharmacy, Karang Anyar District, Tarakan City using the ABC Method in 2022
Abstract: 213
Abstract
Effective drug management requires careful inventory control to prevent problems with shortages or excess stock which can be detrimental to both the pharmacy and consumer service. This research aims to identify the percentage of drugs based on sales and investment transactions using the ABC method at Pharmacy "X" and grouping drugs into categories A, B, or C. This research is retrospective and uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The research object is data on the use of branded drugs at Pharmacy "X" for the period January- December 2022. The sample consists of 897 drug items throughout 2022, and samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data analysis involves marking numbers, item names, types, quantities, units, total prices, and trade groups, which are then sorted based on sales and investment transactions from largest to smallest. ABC analysis of this study shows that Group A dominates drug sales, while Group C has the largest number of drug items despite low movement. Close monitoring is required in Group A to prevent losses due to expired drugs. Pharmacy "X" needs to consider reducing inventory in Group C to optimize expenditure and storage space, thereby reducing the risk of expired medicines and increasing inventory management efficiency.
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Overview of Sales and Investment in Generic Medicines for Pharmacy "X" Karang Anyar District, Tarakan City Using ABC Analysis in 2022
Abstract: 186
Abstract
Pharmacies have a role in providing health services and as a business that follows the principle of profitability. If drug management is inefficient, it can result in excessive drug stocks and/or running out of stock of several types of drugs. This research aims to find out how big the percentage of drugs is in the number of sales transactions and the investment value in planning drug needs using the ABC analysis method at Pharmacy "X". This research is a retrospective study using quantitative descriptive methods. The object studied is data on the number of sales transactions for generic medicines at Pharmacy "X" for the period January-December 2022. The sample used in this study was 168 items of medicine sold throughout 2022 using a total sampling technique. The results of ABC analysis based on investment value show that group A consists of 34 medicinal items with an investment value of IDR 103,417,500 (69.43%), group B consists of 42 medicinal items with an investment value of IDR 30,276,000 (20 .33%) and group C consists of 92 items of medicine with an investment value of IDR 15,258,300 (10.24%). Group A drug items have the highest sales and investment levels, so it is important to ensure stock availability to reduce the risk of decreasing service quality and pharmacy losses.
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Overview of Sales and Investment in Drugs Branded by Pharmacy "X" in Kampung Satu District, Tarakan City Using ABC Analysis for the 2022 Period
Abstract: 169
Abstract
Pharmacies as facilities that are authorized to manage the inventory of pharmaceutical supplies need to anticipate inventory problems, both over stock and out stock. Pareto ABC analysis is one solution to overcome planning and procurement problems which tend to be ineffective and inefficient. This research aims to determine the sales and investment value of branded drugs at one of the private pharmacies in Tarakan City. This research is a retrospective study using the Pareto ABC analysis method on branded drug sales data in 2022. Based on sales data, 761 types of branded drugs were analyzed. The data is then grouped based on sales value. As for the results obtained, group A consisted of 189 types of drugs, or the equivalent of 24.84% of the total types of drugs, with a sales value of 17,986 items and an investment value of IDR. 209,828,250. Meanwhile, group B consists of 205 types of drugs, or the equivalent of 26.94% of the total types of drugs, with a sales value of 5,155 items and an investment value of IDR. 60,177,500. Meanwhile, for group C there are 367 types of drugs, or 48.23% of all types of drugs, with a sales value of 2,573 items and a total investment value of IDR. 30,107,100. This indicates that inventory monitoring and management can be adjusted to the characteristics and investment size of each drug category.
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Overview of the Waiting Time for Prescription Services at the Mamburungan Health Center, Tarakan City
Abstract: 323
Abstract
Waiting time is one of the factors affecting the satisfaction of patients who fill prescriptions at the health center. Long waiting times are a problem that often occurs in several health care facilities which can cause patient dissatisfaction. This study aims to see the average time required related to prescription services for non-recombinant and concocted drugs at the Mamburungan Health Center, Tarakan city. Descriptive research with quantitative is the type used in this study. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Data was obtained using observation sheets with a total sample of 94 prescriptions from 47 non-recipe and 47 concoctions. Waiting time is declared optimal and ideal if the service provided for non-reciprocated drugs takes ≤30 and ≤60 minutes for concocted drugs. Meanwhile, according to the minimum service standardization at the Mamburungan Health Center, the ideal length of time for non-recipe prescriptions is ≤5 minutes while ≤30 minutes for concoction drugs. The data results from the study show that the average waiting time for prescription services for non-reciprocated drugs is 5 minutes while concocted drugs are 10 minutes. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the prescription service time at the Mamburungan Health Center is by the specified standards, namely the Kepmenkes in 2008, and according to the standards of minimum services at the Mamburungan Health Center.
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Antibacterial Activity Test of 70% Ethanol, 96% Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Red Kelakai Leaves (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) against Cutibacterium acne bacteria
Abstract: 440
Abstract
Acne is an inflammation or infection of the pilosebaceous tract with the bacterium Cutibacterium acne. Lalakai or kelakai plant (S.palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) includes plants that have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the yield and phytochemical compound contained in extracts of 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol, and methanol of the leaves of the (S.palustris Burm.F) Bedd) against Cutibacterium acne bacteria. The method of antibacterial activity was carried out using the good diffusion method. Tests with 6 groups of extract concentrations, namely 100%, 75%, 50%; 37.5%, 25%; and 12.5%. The phytochemical compounds test identified alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and saponins. The highest extract yield was from 70% ethanol extract of 6.3559%. The results of the phytochemical compound showed that the 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol, and methanol extracts of the leaves Kelakai (S.palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) positively contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. The best antibacterial test came from the methanol extract (concentration of 100%) was able to inhibit C. acne with 14.475 mm (an inhibition zone diameter) which was included in the strong category.
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The Antıdıarrhea Effects of Methanol and Aquades Extracts Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Test on Wıstar Whıte Rats through Rıcını oleum Inductıon Method
Abstract: 208
Abstract
Diarrhea is a disease characterized by a change in the consistency of soft stool to liquid. The use of antidiarrheal drugs causes side effects such as stomach ache, nausea, or vomiting, so alternative treatments for diarrhea using natural ingredients are needed. The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) is an herbal plant that can be used as an alternative treatment for diarrhea with fewer side effects. This study aimed to determine the antidiarrheal effect of methanol extract and aqueous extract of papaya leaves (Carica Papaya L.) on male white Wistar rats induced with Oleum ricini. This research is a laboratory experiment. The test animals were divided into 10 groups, namely negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (Loperamide), methanol extract group, and distilled water extract with concentrations of 300, 450, and 600 mg/kgBW. Test animals were induced with Oleum ricini. The parameters observed include frequency, consistency, and weight of feces. The results of this research showed that methanol extract and distilled water at concentrations of 300 and 450 mg/kgBB were significantly able to reduce the frequency and increase the consistency of feces. Meanwhile, 300 mg/kgBB methanol extract and 600 mg/kgBB aquades extract were able to significantly reduce feces weight. The research conclusion shows that the best concentration of methanol extract and distilled water extract can have an antidiarrheal effect at concentrations of 300 mg/kgBW and 450 mg/kgBW to improve frequency and consistency. Methanol extract and distilled water extract 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kgBW to reduce feces weight.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Turmeric, Ginger, and Galangal Rhizome Ethanol Extracts in Combination Using the Checkerboard Method
Abstract: 487
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains a significant problem around the globe and worsens with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Indonesia is rich in natural resources, such as its flora diversity, with various benefits, including medicinal use. This study investigated the potency of turmeric, ginger, and galangal rhizome ethanol extracts in single and combination using the checkerboard method against several pathogens. The most potent inhibitory activity in a single form was shown by turmeric extract against Streptococcus mutans and Cutibacterium acne with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the bactericidal activity was shown best by turmeric extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with both MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32 µg/mL. The synergistic combination was shown by turmeric-ginger (TGi), turmeric-galangal (TGa), and ginger-galangal (GiGa) against Staphylococcus aureus with the FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) of 0.15625, 0.1328, and 0.15625, respectively, and TGi against Streptococcus mutans with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.1875. This preliminary study showed the potency of those rhizomes for further research to investigate the active compounds with a synergistic activity that may be used as an alternative therapy in the future.
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Formulation of Antioxidant Cream Preparation of Terap Fruit Extract (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Base
Abstract: 265
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that can counteract the negative effects of oxidants from other molecules which are one of the causes of premature aging. Terap fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) is a type of plant that contains antioxidant compounds. This research aimed to make a cream preparation with extracts from therapeutic fruit using a VCO base. The terap fruit simplicia powder was macerated using 96% ethanol solvent for three days to obtain a liquid extract which was then concentrated by evaporation over a water bath. The formula was made with variations in extract concentration, namely 0.1%, 1%, and 10% with observations for 4 days including organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH of the preparation, stability of the cream, and determining the type of emulsion. The results of the research showed that the three creams had good characteristics during the storage period, especially in formula 1 from the 0.1 extract organoleptic test which had very good results, for homogeneity the three formulas had good homogeneity during the storage period, and irritation results for all formulas showed that the preparation is not irritating to the skin.
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Evaluation of Drug Management at the Tampang Tumbang Anjir Health Center, Kuala Kurun, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, 2022
Abstract: 192
Abstract
Management and storage of drugs is a very important aspect. Therefore, the management and storage of drugs need to be carried out as well as possible to prevent drug damage. This writing aims to evaluate the drug administration information data at the Tampang Tumbang Anjir Health Center, Tampang Tumbang Anjir District, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan. This study uses a non-experimental observational method which has a quantitative descriptive nature. The data in this study were taken concurrently from prescription sheets, stock cards, labeling, and waiting times for prescription services. This study obtained the results of the percentage value of damaged or expired goods (18.09%), 1-month availability (1.3 months), number of drug items per prescription (0.37%), the average speed of non-concoction prescription service (1.52 minutes), the average speed of concoction prescription service (1.01 minutes), and the percentage of drug labeling (0%). So it can be concluded that the management of drugs at the Tampang Tumbang Anjir Public Health Center, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan is not good because there are still some that do not meet the applicable regulatory standards, namely the National Formulary (FORNAS) and DOEN.
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Evaluating Drug Use for Coronary Heart Disease Patients After Stent Insertion at RSPAD Gatot Soebroto
Abstract: 221
Abstract
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed by a buildup of atheroma and fatty material in the walls. Stent placement is done to treat narrowed coronary arteries and an option if the patient has tried medication or lifestyle changes but fails to improve heart health and has blockages in the arteries. This study aims to evaluate the 4 medication usage accuracies, to determine the characteristics and medication usage profiles in CHD patients after stent placement at Gatot Soebroto Hospital. This research was conducted with analytical descriptive and retrospective data collection through medical records for the 2021 period. The sample used was 83 patients. The study resulted based on the characteristics the most patients with CHD after stent placement were aged <65 years with 57 patients (68.68%), and the most comorbid hypertension was 26 patients (31.32%). The medicine widely used in CHD patients after stent placement is a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel in as many as 70 patients (83.34%). The parameters of the medication usage accuracy, the right indication, the right medicine, the right dose, and the right patient resulted in 100% that the patient got the suitability for medication use. The results of the relationship between variables and medication use through SPSS showed that gender had a sig value of 0.051 (>0.005), age had 0.544 (>0.005), and risk factors had 0.167 (>0.005) means that there is no relationship in medication use.
