Kesehatan
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Description of Environmental Health Sanitation in the Bawakaraeng Elementary School Complex in the Working Area of Puskesmas Bara Baraya Makassar
Abstract: 41
Abstract
Introduction: Schools play a crucial role in shaping healthy behaviors; therefore, environmental sanitation must meet specific standards, including access to clean water, proper toilets, effective waste disposal, designated trash bins, and handwashing facilities. School canteens also contribute to student health by providing hygienic food. Inadequate sanitation increases the risk of disease. Objective: To describe the sanitation facilities at the Bawakaraeng Elementary School Complex in Makassar. Method: A qualitative study with a descriptive design, involving direct observation of sanitation facilities. Results: Sanitation facilities in the Bawakaraeng Elementary School Complex do not meet the required standards. SD Bawakaraeng 2 has the highest level of compliance, followed by SD INPRES, SD Bawakaraeng 3, and SD Bawakaraeng 1, which has the lowest level of compliance. Handwashing facilities (CTPS) and liquid waste management meet the standards. Conclusion: School sanitation in the Puskesmas Bara-Baraya area remains inadequate, particularly in toilets, waste disposal, and drainage systems. Raising awareness among the community and schools is crucial to ensuring proper sanitation and enhancing the health of students and staff.
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Identification of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria in Microbiology Practical Equipment at the Central Laboratory of Stikes Maharani, Malang
Abstract: 1382
Abstract
Stacks of laboratory equipment and lack of routine sterilization can contribute to the growth and contamination of pathogenic bacteria. This research aimed to determine the types of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria present in the microbiology practicum equipment at the Central STIKes Maharani Malang Laboratory. This type of research is descriptive research with an analytical research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. This research involves taking swab samples on the surface of practical microbiology equipment, isolating bacterial colonies using MCA (Mac Conkey Agar) media, making pure cultures on MCA slanted agar media, macroscopic observations, and biochemical tests. Bacteria were grown on MCA media for 2x24 hours. The results of research using gram staining showed gram-negative bacteria, rod-shaped, spread, and red. Biochemical tests showed glucose (+g), lactose (+), mannitol (+), maltose (+), sucrose (+), H2S (-), indole (-), Mr (Methyl Red) (-), Vp ( Voges Praskaeur) (+), citrate (+), motility (-), the bacterial species Klebsiella pneumoniae was found. The second result shows glucose (+g), lactose (+), mannitol (+), maltose (+), sucrose (+), H2S (-), indole (+), Mr (Methyl Red) (+), Vp ( Voges Praskaeur) (-), citrate (-), motility (-), found Escherichia coli bacterial species. This study concluded that it was found that gram-negative bacteria were rod-shaped, spread, and red. Meanwhile, from biochemical tests using glucose, lactose, mannitol, maltose, sucrose, ındol, MR, VP, and citrate, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bacteria were found.
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Anti-diabetic Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO): Review
Abstract: 672
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Currently, the treatment of diabetes mellitus uses synthetic or chemical drugs and natural ingredients such as virgin coconut oil. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is extracted with minimal heating and no chemical purification process. This study aims to obtain data on the impact of VCO as an antidiabetic obtained from several research journals. This literature study uses a narrative review method obtained from the Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases. The results of this study indicate that VCO can be used as an alternative to lowering blood glucose levels because it has antidiabetic activity. Medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) lauric acid in VCO can stimulate insulin production in pancreatic beta cells. This study concludes that virgin coconut oil can potentially reduce blood sugar levels.
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The effect of yoga on improving sleep quality in DIII Nursing students at the Kaltara Polytechnic
Abstract: 170
Abstract
Sleep is a normal activity that will be experienced by every individual and becomes a humane activity but many students do not care about the quality of good sleep so it affects their fitness level and will have a bad impact on the body. Therefore, providing yoga exercises is expected to be one way to improve sleep quality at various ages and among people with sleep quality disorders. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of yoga in improving sleep quality in university students. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design without group control which is given a pre-test and post-test. The population in the study were all students of the Politeknik Kaltara of Nursing Study Program with a total population of 131 populations. The sampling technique used purposive sampling on level 1 nursing students with a total sample of 33 samples. The research phase consists of 3 stages. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the analysis test used McNemar and obtained ρ-value = 0.000 (<0.05) which means that there is a significant difference in the quality of sleep before and after the yoga exercise intervention. The conclusion from this study is that yoga exercises can improve sleep quality in nursing students at the Politeknik Kaltara.
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An overview of the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about oxytocin massage at the Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City
Abstract: 115
Abstract
Production of breast milk can be disrupted by the influence of less than the optimal formation of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin massage is a massage action in overcoming the problem of substandard milk production. Oxytocin massage can be done on the spine to the fifth-sixth vertebrae and is a way to increase the production of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin after childbirth which aims to increase the work of the parasympathetic nerves in stimulating the posterior pituitary. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about oxytocin massage. This study used a descriptive method, sampling using non-probability sampling using accidental sampling technique with a total of 40 samples according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and collecting data using a knowledge questionnaire about oxytocin massage. Based on the results of the study, data were obtained in the form of a good level of knowledge (65.0%), sufficient (15.0%), and less (20.0%). The conclusion of this study shows that most breastfeeding mothers at the Karang Rejo Health Center in Tarakan City have good knowledge regarding oxytocin massage.
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Formula optimization and physical stability evaluation of effervescent tablet preparations of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.)
Abstract: 883
Abstract
Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) are a plant that is widely consumed by Indonesian people and has high nutrition and antioxidants. Utilization of Moringa leaves as a health supplement requires an innovative dosage form to make it practical to use, one of which is by making it in the form of effervescent tablets. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal formula for effervescent tablets of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.). This study was an experimental study, by preparing effervescent tablets of aqueous extract of Moringa leaves using 3 different formulas using the wet granulation method. The physical stability of the effervescent tablets obtained was then evaluated. The evaluation results were analyzed to obtain the optimal formula from the 3 formulas. The research results obtained showed that F3 was a formula that had good physical stability of granules and tablets. Granules from F3 have an angle of repose of 22.45°, and a compressibility percentage of 12.67%. F3 effervescent tablets have a weight uniformity that does not exceed 5% or 10%, size uniformity that is not more than 3 times the thickness of the tablet, and a faster dissolving time compared to other formulas, namely 1 minute 22 seconds. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the optimal formula of the 3 formulas is F3 with an acid and base concentration of 20% each.
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Analısıs karakterıstık organoleptıs dan kimia tepung ıkan sepat rawa (Trıchopodus trıchopterus)
Abstract: 330
Abstract
Ikan sepat rawa (Trıchopodus trıchopterus) merupakan hewan yang banyak ditemukan di Kalimantan Selatan. Ikan sepat rawa muncul musiman namun belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui karakteristik oraganoleptis dan kimia berupa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat, kadar lemak dan kadar protein tepung ikan sepat rawa. Pembuatan tepung ikan sepat rawa dengan menggunakan metode pengukusan pada suhu 90˚C selama 20 menit dan pemanasan oven dengan suhu 70˚C selama 80 menit. Hasil penelitian ikan sepat rawa menunjukkan karakteristik organoleptis berupa warna cokelat muda, aroma harum/khas, rasa hambar kemanisan, dan tekstur kering sedangkan hasil analisis kimia didapatkan kadar protein sebesar 44,84%, kadar serat 1,88%, kadar lemak 4,12%, kadar abu 14,63%, dan kadar air 5,98%. Berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesi (SNI), dari kelima pengujian karakteristik kimia didapatkan hasil uji kadar protein termasuk dalam standar mutu III, serat termasuk dalam standar mutu II, kadar lemak termasuk dalam standar mutu I, kadar abu termasuk standar mutu I, kadar air temasuk standar mutu I.
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Gambaran penggunaan antikoagulan pada pasien ST-Elevatıon Myocardıal Infarctıon (STEMI)
Abstract: 1331
Abstract
Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian terbanyak. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) salah satu klasifikasi dari Infark Miokard Akut (IMA). IMA timbul dari kerusakan permanen pada otot jantung karena suplai oksigen yang tidak mencukupi. Adanya IMA dapat merusak fungsi sistol dan diastol, serta menambah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan seperti aritmia pada pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat penggunaan antikoagulan pada pasien STEMI yang menggunakan terapi fibrinolitik. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan melihat catatan medis pasien STEMI yang menjalani rawat inap di RS “X” kota Tarakan periode 2017-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa semua pasien STEMI menerima terapi antikoagulan. Sebanyak 92,31 % menggunakan enoxaparin dan 7,69 % pasien menggunaan fondaparinux dengan karakteristik pasien sebanyak 12 penyakit penyerta. Pemberian antikoagulan pada pasien STEMI membantu menjaga kondisi arteri setelah proses reperfusi ketika telah diberikan fibrinolitik sehingga tidak menyebabkan terjadinya reoklusi.
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Perbedaan faktor rısıko domınan penyakıt tıdak menular pada usıa dewasa dan lanjut usıa
Abstract: 241
Abstract
Penyakit tidak menular merupakan ancaman kesehatan saat ini, prevalensinya selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular adalah perilaku hidup yang berhubungan dengan kelebihan berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, lingkar perut, tekanan darah tinggi, gula darah, kolesterol. Lansia dan dewasa merupakan kelompok rentan terhadap penyakit tidak menular. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular antara lansia dan dewasa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah random, responden diundang untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data meliputi pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, penentuan IMT, tekanan darah, gula darah, dan asam urat. Berdasarkan hasil pendataan, digunakan untuk menentukan responden yang memiliki faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan p-value >0,05 atau tidak ada perbedaan untuk perilaku gaya hidup dan riwayat penyakit. Untuk status metabolik didapatkan p-value 0,617 untuk indeks massa tubuh, p-value 0,626 untuk lingkar perut, p-value 0,528 untuk gula darah dan p-value 0,651 untuk asam urat dan p-value 0,004 untuk tekanan darah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini hanya faktor tekanan darah yang menunjukkan perbedaan antara lansia dan dewasa, dan hanya status hipertensi yang menunjukkan perbedaan pada kedua kelompok.
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Ujı aktıvıtas anthelmıntık ekstrak etanol rımpang pacıng (Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.) terhadap cacıng tanah (Lubricus rubellus)
Abstract: 442
Abstract
Prevalensi masyarakat yang mengalami kecacingan di Indonesia pada umumnya masih sangat tinggi, terutama pada masyarakat yang kurang mampu dengan sanitasi yang buruk. Pemberian anthelmintik herbal merupakan solusi alternatif yang aman mengingat banyaknya anthelmintik konvensional yang telah mengalami penurunan efektivitas akibat meningkatnya kasus resistensi khususnya di Indonesia. Pacing (Costus Speciosus) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai anthelmintik dengan senyawa bioaktif berupa flavonoid (proantosianidin dan antosianin), glutathione, β-karoten, α-tokoferol, asam askorbat, senyawa fenol, tricontanoic curcumin, gracillin, sitosterol-β-D-glukosida, tricontanoic dan dioscin. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian anthelmintik untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol rimpang pacing dalam menghambat aktivitas cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Uji aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol rimpang pacing dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode in-vitro. Pengujian diawali dengan membuat 5 kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing diberi 3 ekor cacing tanah dengan 3 replikasi. Kelompok perlakuan 1,2 dan 3 diberikan ekstrak etanol rimpang pacing masing-masing sebesar 5%, 7,5% dan 15% sedangkan untuk kelompok 4 diberikan NaCMC 0,5% dan kelompok 5 diberikan Mebendazole 2%. Pengamatan aktivitas anthelmintik dilakukan dengan menghitung waktu yang dibutuhkan sampel uji untuk melumpuhkan (paralisis) dan mematikan (mortalitas) cacing tanah selama 3 jam perlakuan. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu waktu paralisis cacing tanah selama perlakuan pada kelompok 1,2,3,4 dan 5 adalah 27,2±3,7 menit, 11,7±0,3 menit, 14,6±0,02 menit, 98,3±2,5 menit dan 63,6±48,5 menit. Sedangkan waktu mortalitas cacing tanah selama perlakuan pada kelompok 1,2,3,4 dan 5 adalah 63,2±6,8 menit, 30,3±0,0 menit, 29,2±0,0 menit, 116,3±43,3 menit dan 105±10,7 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang pacing memiliki aktivitas antelmintik dengan potensi yang sangat kuat, dimana waktu yang dibutuhkan ekstrak untuk melumpuhkan dan mematikan cacing tanah lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (mebendazole 2%).
