Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Volume 3 Issue 3 tahun 2023
● Articles: 5
● Editorial in chief: apt. Syuhada, M.Farm.
● Managing Editorial: apt. Benazir Evita Rukaya, M.Farm.
Articles
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Antimicrobial Activity of Turmeric, Ginger, and Galangal Rhizome Ethanol Extracts in Combination Using the Checkerboard Method
Abstract: 487
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PDF 139-148: 294
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains a significant problem around the globe and worsens with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Indonesia is rich in natural resources, such as its flora diversity, with various benefits, including medicinal use. This study investigated the potency of turmeric, ginger, and galangal rhizome ethanol extracts in single and combination using the checkerboard method against several pathogens. The most potent inhibitory activity in a single form was shown by turmeric extract against Streptococcus mutans and Cutibacterium acne with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the bactericidal activity was shown best by turmeric extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with both MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32 µg/mL. The synergistic combination was shown by turmeric-ginger (TGi), turmeric-galangal (TGa), and ginger-galangal (GiGa) against Staphylococcus aureus with the FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) of 0.15625, 0.1328, and 0.15625, respectively, and TGi against Streptococcus mutans with the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.1875. This preliminary study showed the potency of those rhizomes for further research to investigate the active compounds with a synergistic activity that may be used as an alternative therapy in the future.
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The Antıdıarrhea Effects of Methanol and Aquades Extracts Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Test on Wıstar Whıte Rats through Rıcını oleum Inductıon Method
Abstract: 208
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PDF 149-157 (Indonesian): 229
Abstract
Diarrhea is a disease characterized by a change in the consistency of soft stool to liquid. The use of antidiarrheal drugs causes side effects such as stomach ache, nausea, or vomiting, so alternative treatments for diarrhea using natural ingredients are needed. The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) is an herbal plant that can be used as an alternative treatment for diarrhea with fewer side effects. This study aimed to determine the antidiarrheal effect of methanol extract and aqueous extract of papaya leaves (Carica Papaya L.) on male white Wistar rats induced with Oleum ricini. This research is a laboratory experiment. The test animals were divided into 10 groups, namely negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (Loperamide), methanol extract group, and distilled water extract with concentrations of 300, 450, and 600 mg/kgBW. Test animals were induced with Oleum ricini. The parameters observed include frequency, consistency, and weight of feces. The results of this research showed that methanol extract and distilled water at concentrations of 300 and 450 mg/kgBB were significantly able to reduce the frequency and increase the consistency of feces. Meanwhile, 300 mg/kgBB methanol extract and 600 mg/kgBB aquades extract were able to significantly reduce feces weight. The research conclusion shows that the best concentration of methanol extract and distilled water extract can have an antidiarrheal effect at concentrations of 300 mg/kgBW and 450 mg/kgBW to improve frequency and consistency. Methanol extract and distilled water extract 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kgBW to reduce feces weight.
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Mothers' Knowledge on Child Nutrition at the Karang Rejo Community Health Center in Tarakan City
Abstract: 178
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PDF 158-164 (Indonesian): 88
Abstract
The nutritional status of toddlers is an important thing that every parent must be aware of. Nutritional problems in children under five can cause several serious impacts. Because of this nutritional problem, it can cause an inability to grow and develop cognitively and can even cause death in toddlers. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of mothers regarding toddler nutrition. This research used a descriptive method which was carried out at the Karang Rejo Community Health Center, Tarakan City. The sample used was 97 respondents with the inclusion criteria being mothers who had babies or toddlers (aged 0-5 years) and mothers who were willing to be respondents. The research results showed that mothers' knowledge about toddler nutrition at the Karang Rejo Health Center was in the good category as many as 33 mothers (34%), in the sufficient category 57 mothers (58.8%) and in the poor category as many as 7 mothers (7.2%). It can be concluded from this study that the description of the level of knowledge of mothers regarding toddler nutrition at the Karang Rejo Community Health Center is in the sufficient category, namely 57 mothers (58.8%) out of 97 mothers.
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Antibacterial Activity Test of 70% Ethanol, 96% Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Red Kelakai Leaves (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) against Cutibacterium acne bacteria
Abstract: 440
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PDF 165-175 (Indonesian): 473
Abstract
Acne is an inflammation or infection of the pilosebaceous tract with the bacterium Cutibacterium acne. Lalakai or kelakai plant (S.palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) includes plants that have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the yield and phytochemical compound contained in extracts of 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol, and methanol of the leaves of the (S.palustris Burm.F) Bedd) against Cutibacterium acne bacteria. The method of antibacterial activity was carried out using the good diffusion method. Tests with 6 groups of extract concentrations, namely 100%, 75%, 50%; 37.5%, 25%; and 12.5%. The phytochemical compounds test identified alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and saponins. The highest extract yield was from 70% ethanol extract of 6.3559%. The results of the phytochemical compound showed that the 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol, and methanol extracts of the leaves Kelakai (S.palustris (Burm.F) Bedd) positively contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. The best antibacterial test came from the methanol extract (concentration of 100%) was able to inhibit C. acne with 14.475 mm (an inhibition zone diameter) which was included in the strong category.
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Formulation of Antioxidant Cream Preparation of Terap Fruit Extract (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Base
Abstract: 265
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PDF 176-184 (Indonesian): 342
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that can counteract the negative effects of oxidants from other molecules which are one of the causes of premature aging. Terap fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) is a type of plant that contains antioxidant compounds. This research aimed to make a cream preparation with extracts from therapeutic fruit using a VCO base. The terap fruit simplicia powder was macerated using 96% ethanol solvent for three days to obtain a liquid extract which was then concentrated by evaporation over a water bath. The formula was made with variations in extract concentration, namely 0.1%, 1%, and 10% with observations for 4 days including organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH of the preparation, stability of the cream, and determining the type of emulsion. The results of the research showed that the three creams had good characteristics during the storage period, especially in formula 1 from the 0.1 extract organoleptic test which had very good results, for homogeneity the three formulas had good homogeneity during the storage period, and irritation results for all formulas showed that the preparation is not irritating to the skin.
